{"id":6571,"date":"2017-01-15T15:30:54","date_gmt":"2017-01-15T14:30:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/afabego.fr\/?page_id=6571"},"modified":"2022-01-31T23:47:32","modified_gmt":"2022-01-31T22:47:32","slug":"les-stipules","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/afabego.fr\/en\/culture\/un-peu-de-botanique\/les-stipules\/","title":{"rendered":"A little botany: Stipules"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid\">\n            \t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"gf-container container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\" >\n\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<p>Stipules are leaf-like appendages, usually in pairs, at the base of leaf petioles (in dicotyledonous plants).<\/p>\n<p>The leaves of plants in the genus Begonia always have stipules.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid\">\n            \t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"gf-container container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\" >\n\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<h3><strong>Persistence<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4><strong>Persistent<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>When they are still present at the base of mature leaves, the stipules are called persistent; sometimes they only fall after the corresponding leaves have dropped.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Caducous<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Otherwise they are called caducous; they are often early caducous.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/afabego.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/B.-mazae-viridis.jpg\"><em>B. mazae<\/em><\/a>\u00a0 f.\u00a0<em>viridis\u00a0\u00a0<\/em>Ziesenhenne \/ section\u00a0<em>Gireoudia\u00a0<\/em>\/ Mexico \/ persistent stipules<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/afabego.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/B.-eminii-1.jpg\"><em>B. eminii\u00a0<\/em><\/a>Warburg \/ section\u00a0<em>Tetraphila\u00a0<\/em>\/ Tropical Africa (from Nigeria to Angola) \/ early caducous, withered stipules<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>The margin<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4><strong>Entire<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>The margin is called entire when it has no incisions.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/afabego.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/B.-chlorosticta.jpg\"><em>B. chlorosticta\u00a0<\/em><\/a>Sands \/ section\u00a0<em>Petermannia\u00a0<\/em>\/ Malaysia (Borneo, Sarawak) \/ stipules with an entire margin<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>Dentate<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Otherwise it is called dentate.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/afabego.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/B.-auriculata.jpg\"><em>B. auriculata\u00a0<\/em><\/a>JD Hooker \/ section\u00a0<em>Filicibegonia\u00a0<\/em>\/ Gabon \/ dentate stipules<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The persistence and margin of the stipules do not determine which section a plant belongs to.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>The shape<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4><strong>Triangular<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><em><a href=\"https:\/\/afabego.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/B.-mazae-var.-mazae.jpg\">B.\u00a0<\/a><\/em><em>mazae\u00a0<\/em>\u00a0var.\u00a0<em>mazae\u00a0<\/em>\u00a0Ziesenhenne \/ section\u00a0<em>Gireoudia\u00a0<\/em>\/ Mexico \/ glabrous, triangular, acuminate stipules<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>Elliptic-ovate<\/strong><\/h4>\n<h4><strong>Acuminate<\/strong>\u00a0(narrowing gradually and then ending abruptly in a fine point) or not:<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/afabego.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/B.-convallariodora.jpg\"><em><u>B. convalloriodora\u00a0<\/u><\/em><\/a>C. de Candolle \/ section\u00a0<em>Ruizopavonia\u00a0<\/em>\/ Mexico \u2013 Central America \/ acuminate stipules<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>Cuspidate<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Tapering to a sharp, stiff point that forms a sharp angle with the edge.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Long-attenuate<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Whose width decreases gradually.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Navicular<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Boat- or shuttle-shaped.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The two stipules are sometimes different<\/strong>, the outer one enveloping the second (inner) one and the bud that will become the leaf.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/afabego.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/B.-mannii.jpg\"><em>B. mannii\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/a>W J\u00a0Hooker \/ section\u00a0<em>Tetraphila\u00a0<\/em>\/ from Guinea to Gabon \/ the outer stipule envelops the bud of the future leaf and the inner stipule<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>They sometimes have a<strong>\u00a0midrib\u00a0<\/strong>that is prominent, and a\u00a0<strong>fold<\/strong> along this midrib.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/afabego.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/B.-venosa.jpg\"><em><u>B. venosa\u00a0<\/u><\/em><\/a>Skan \/ section\u00a0<em>Begonia\u00a0<\/em>\/ Brazil \/ stipules with a clearly marked midrib<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Appearance<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>The outside of the stipules can be <strong>glabrous\u00a0<\/strong>or<strong>\u00a0hairy<\/strong> over their whole surface.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/afabego.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/B.-listada.jpg\"><em>B. listada\u00a0<\/em><\/a>LB Smith &amp; Wasshausen \/ section\u00a0<em>Pritzelia\u00a0<\/em>\/ Brazil \u2013 Paraguay \u2013 Argentina \/ stipules hairy all over<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>The margin<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h4><strong>Denticulate<\/strong>\u00a0or<strong> Serrate<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>With small teeth like those of a saw.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Fimbriate<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Edge densely and finely cut.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Ciliate<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Edge with hairs (often extending the teeth of the margin).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/afabego.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/B.-Philippines-sp..jpg\"><em>B. Philippines sp.<\/em><\/a>\u00a0\/ stipule margin finely toothed and ciliate<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Les stipules sont des appendices foliac\u00e9s situ\u00e9s en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral par paire \u00e0 la base des p\u00e9tioles de feuilles (chez les plantes Dicotyl\u00e9dones). Les feuilles des plantes du genre Begonia ont toujours des stipules. Persistance Persistantes Quand elles sont encore pr\u00e9sentes \u00e0 la base des feuilles adultes, les stipules sont dites persistantes ; elles tombent parfois [...]","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":5477,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-6571","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/afabego.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6571","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/afabego.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/afabego.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/afabego.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/afabego.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6571"}],"version-history":[{"count":49,"href":"https:\/\/afabego.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6571\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10746,"href":"https:\/\/afabego.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6571\/revisions\/10746"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/afabego.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5477"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/afabego.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6571"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}